Four-cycle engines, such as the ones used in lawnmowers, use needle valves and floats to regulate fuel flow from the fuel tank to the carburetor and as such are designed to function when a vertical orientation of the engine can be maintained, unrealistic for chainsaws. Many gasoline-powered models use 2-cycle engines that have simpler carburation that can function regardless of the position of the saw relative to the ground. While the earliest chainsaws were hand-operated and used in specialized fields such as surgery, modern chainsaws are typically powered either by means of a gasoline engine, an AC electrical power source such as home outlets or a portable generator, or via a battery using stored DC electrical power. It also helps to provide isolation of the chainsaw engine should the chain suddenly get jammed in the material being cut. The clutch functions to provide a mechanical connection between the cutting chain and the power source while permitting the chain to be disengaged when the chainsaw speed is lowered to idle. The chain rides on the edge of a long steel plate known as a guide bar and is connected to the power source for the saw via a sprocket that joins the chain to a moving driveshaft via a centrifugal clutch. Chainsaws, sometimes spelled as chain saws, are powerful cutting tools that contain a toothed chain that functions like a saw blade to cut through material such as wood quickly.
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